Charge Sensitive Preamplifier-Discriminator A101

ModelA101 is a hybrid charge sensitive preamplifier, discriminator, and pulse shaper developed especially for instrumentation employing photomultiplier tubes, channel electron multipliers and other low capacitance charge producing detectorsin the pulse counting mode.The A101 is widely used in laboratory and commercialapplications.
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Features
Applications
? Small size (TO-8 package) allows mounting close to collector of multiplier.
? Mass spectrometers
? Power required is typically 15 mW.
? Laboratory experiments
? Single power supply voltage.
? Research experiments
? Outputs interface directly with CMOS and TTL logic.
? Portable instrumentation
? Input threshold is externally adjustable.
? Aerospace
? Output pulse width is variable with externaltrim capacitor.
? Medical electronics
? High reliability process.
? Electro-optical systems
? One year warranty.


Overview
ModelA101 is a hybrid charge sensitive preamplifier, discriminator, and pulse shaper developed especially for instrumentation employing photomultiplier tubes, channel electron multipliers and other low capacitance charge producing detectorsin the pulse counting mode.The A101 is widely used in laboratory and commercial applications.
A101 Specifications

Test Conditions: (Vs = +5 V, T = +25 °C)


INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Threshold
Model A101 has a nominal threshold referred to the input of 1.6 x 10-13 coulomb. This is equivalent to 106 electrons. The threshold can be increasedby the addition of a resistor between Pins 9 and 12. See Figure 1.
Stability
< 1.5% of threSee Figure 3.
Noise
RMS noise level <0.4% of threshold.
Protection
Back-to-back diodes to ground.
Detector Capacitance
0 to 60 pF
Polarity
Negative or positive
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS


Pin 5 provides a positive 5 V output pulse capable of interfacing directly with CMOS.



Pin 6 is an open collector output and with an external pullupresistor provides a negative going pulse (the complement of

Pin 5). This output can drive TTL and can be wire-ored with other units. Pullup resistor may be connected to Vs or to other

positive supply up to +15 V.


Pulse Characteristics
Risetime
6 ns
Falltime
20 ns
Width
220 ns nominal. May be increased to greater than 1 μs by the addition of a capacitor between Pins 3 and 4. See Figure 2.
Amplitude
5 V

GENERAL
Count Rate
4 x 106 CPS, Periodic
Pulse Pair Resolution
250 ns
Operating Voltage
+4 to +10 VDC
Operating Current
3 mA quiescent, 4 mA @ 105 CPS
Temperature
-55 to +70 °C operational
Warranty
One year
Package
12-Pin, TO-8 case.
Screening
Amptek High Reliability
Test Board
PC-11
Vacuum


Due to its hermetic seal and small size, the A101 is well suited for use within a vacuum chamber. In such applications the mounting should provide adequate heat dissipation and care should be taken to avoid electrical discharge near the input,

which can damage the unit and void the warranty.Use care in soldering leads - avoid overheating.


Pin Configuration (14 pin hybrid DIP)
Pin 1
Ground
Pin 2
Vs (+4 to +10 VDC)
Pin 3
Pulse Width Adjust
Pin 4
Pulse Width Adjust
Pin 5
Positive Output
Pin 6
Open Collector Output
Pin 7
No Connection
Pin 8
No Connection
Pin 9
Threshold Adjust
Pin 10
No Connection
Pin 11
No Connection
Pin 12
Input

A101 Operating Notes

Power Requirements
   All device specifications apply to operations at +5 V. The unit can be operated up to +10 V with increased power dissipation and threshold. Supply is internally bypassed. Care should be taken in the circuit layout and in some applications power supply decou-pling may be helpful.
The case is internally connected to Pin 1, ground.


Input

   The detector is normally capacitively coupled to Pin 12 with a capacitor of adequate voltage rating. Alternately, the detector anode can be direct coupled to the input if the cathode is at negative potential. The A101 is sensitive to a negative charge pulse of at least 0.16 picocoulomb. This threshold may be increased by the connection of a resistor between Pins 9 and 12. Approximate values are given in Figure 1.

   The A101 can be tested with a pulser by using a small 2 pF test capacitor to inject a test charge into the input. The unit will trigger on the nega-tive-going edge of the pulse which should have a much longer fall time(> 1 μs) or a square wave may be used. (If a square wave is used, trigger-ing on the positive-going edge will occur for large pulses.)
   Charge transfer in the test circuit is according to Q = C · V where Q =total amount charge, C = capacitance, and V = voltage. Use only a small capacitor in this circuit (1 to 10 pF). DO NOT connect a low impedance pulser through 500 pF when testing as this will produce a large pulse
through the input transistor and may cause irreversible damage.


Outputs
   The output at Pin 5 is a positive, 220 ns wide pulse.Pin 6 is an open collector output and should be left unconnected if not used. A negative going output can be obtained by connect-
ing a pullup resistor (typically 1 kohm) between Vs and Pin 6. The pullup resistor may be tied to any positive voltage up to 15 V (as required for example, in interfacing with particular logic families.) In multi-detector systems, where more than one preamp drives the same counter, the open collector outputs of several A101s can be connected together to the counter input with a single pullup resistor. DO NOT CONNECT THIS PIN DIRECTLY TO Vs (PIN 2) AS THIS MAY DAMAGE OUTPUT STAGE AND VOID WARRANTY.
   The output pulse can be increased by the connection of a capacitor between Pins 3 and 4. See Figure 2.
   If the standard pulse width is adequate Pins 3 and 4 must be left unconnected


PC11 Test Board for the A101

The PC-11 is a printed circuit board designed to facilitate testing of the A101. In addition to testing circuitry, it provides compo-nent locations for use with detectors. Ground plane construction minimizes external pick-up.

INPUTS
IN
Detector Input; Pin 12; should be AC couples with a high voltage capacitor (500-1000pF)
DET
Provides post to connect the detector and input capacitor
TEST IN
Input to test circuit as described in specifications
Vs
Pin 2; supply voltage (+4 to +10 VDC)
H.V.
Provides post to connect the detector to the high voltagesupply through a resistor
OUTPUTS
+OUT
Positive, TTL type output from Pin 5
O.C. OUT
Negative; open collector output from Pin 6 (must be con-nected through 1 kohm to Vs)
BUF OUT
Positive output through a Buffer/Line Driver IC from Pin 5
COMPONENTS
Cv
Filter capacitor (1 μF)
Rp
Pullup resistor (kohm)
C
Test capacitor (2 pF)
R
Test pulse termination resistor (50 ohm)
Rt
Threshold adjust resistor
Cw
Pulse width adjustment capacitor
Cd
High voltage detector coupling capacitor (user supplied)
Rb
Detector Bias resistor (user supplied)
U2
Line driver TPS2829



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